Mu myaka yashize, inganda za batiri ya lithium kwisi yateye imbere byihuse kandi ihinduka kimwe ningufu zisukuye niterambere rirambye. "Raporo y’ishoramari n’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa iherutse gusohora" igaragaza iterambere ryateye imbere mu nganda za batiri ya lithium kandi ikagaragaza imbaraga n’inganda n’inganda zikomeye. Kwinjira 2022, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubyerekeranye nigihe kizaza, gukora isesengura ryinganda kuri bateri ya lithium, no gusobanukirwa amahirwe nibibazo biri imbere.
2021 ni umwaka utoroshye ku nganda za batiri, hamwe n’ibikorwa byo gutera inkunga bigera ku 178, birenze umwaka ushize, bikagaragaza inyungu z’abashoramari biyongera. Ibi bikorwa byo gutera inkunga byageze ku mibare itangaje ya miliyari 129, irenga miliyari 100. Inkunga nini nini yerekana abashoramari bizeye inganda za batiri ya lithium nigihe kizaza cyiza. Imikoreshereze ya batiri ya lithium iragenda yiyongera kurenza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) no gushakisha porogaramu mu nganda zinyuranye zirimo kubika ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi no guhagarika imiyoboro. Uku gutandukanya porogaramu bitanga amahirwe yo gukura kwinganda za batiri ya lithium.
Ikoranabuhanga rishya naryo rifite uruhare runini mugushiraho ejo hazaza h'inganda za batiri ya lithium. Binyuze mubikorwa byubushakashatsi nibikorwa byiterambere, abahanga naba injeniyeri barimo kunoza imikorere ya bateri ya lithium, kongera ingufu, no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye nkumutekano n’ingaruka ku bidukikije. Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri nka bateri zikomeye na batiri ya lithium biteganijwe ko bizarushaho guhindura inganda. Ibi bishya byizeza ingufu nyinshi, ubuzima burambye bwa serivisi, ubushobozi bwumuriro bwihuse hamwe numutekano muke. Mugihe tekinoroji ikuze kandi igahinduka ubucuruzi, kwamamara kwabo bishobora guhungabanya inganda zisanzwe no gufungura ibintu bishya.
Nubwo uruganda rwa batiri ya lithium rufite amahirwe menshi, ntabwo rufite ibibazo. Gutanga ibikoresho bike nka lithium na cobalt bikomeje kuba impungenge. Kwiyongera gukenewe kuri ibyo bikoresho birashobora gutuma habaho inzitizi zitangwa, bigira ingaruka ku kuzamuka kwinganda. Byongeye kandi, gutunganya no guta bateri ya lithium bitera ibibazo by’ibidukikije bigomba gukemurwa neza. Guverinoma, abakora inganda n’abashakashatsi bagomba gufatanya guteza imbere imikorere irambye kandi ishinzwe kugira ngo bagabanye ibidukikije kandi barebe ko inganda za batiri za lithium ziramba.
Urebye imbere, inganda za batiri ya lithium izagira uruhare runini muguhindura isi kwingufu zishobora kubaho ndetse nigihe kizaza gisukuye. Ibikorwa bidasanzwe byo gutera inkunga no kugaragara kwikoranabuhanga rishya muri 2021 byatangaje ejo hazaza heza h'inganda. Nyamara, ibibazo nkibikoresho biboneka nibidukikije bigomba gukemurwa neza. Mugushora imari muri R&D, guteza imbere ubufatanye, no gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa birambye, inganda za batiri ya lithium zirashobora gutsinda izo nzitizi kandi zigakomeza inzira yazo yo hejuru, zirema isi nziza, irambye kubisekuruza bizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-26-2023